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Fundamentals of Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry
A new, comprehensively updated edition of the acclaimed textbook by F.H.Attix (Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry) taking into account the substantial developments in dosimetry since its first edition.This monograph covers charged and uncharged particle interactions at a level consistent with the advanced use of the Monte Carlo method in dosimetry; radiation quantities, macroscopic behaviour and the characterization of radiation fields and beams are covered in detail.A number of chapters include addenda presenting derivations and discussions that offer new insight into established dosimetric principles and concepts.The theoretical aspects of dosimetry are given in the comprehensive chapter on cavity theory, followed by the description of primary measurement standards, ionization chambers, chemical dosimeters and solid state detectors.Chapters on applications include reference dosimetry for standard and small fields in radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures, dosimetry of unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources, and neutron beam dosimetry.The topics are presented in a logical, easy-to-follow sequence and the text is supplemented by numerous illustrative diagrams, tables and appendices. For senior undergraduate- or graduate-level students and professionals.
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What is the difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation?
Ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions. This type of radiation includes X-rays, gamma rays, and some forms of ultraviolet radiation. Non-ionizing radiation, on the other hand, does not have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms, and includes forms of radiation such as visible light, radio waves, and microwaves. The main difference between the two is the amount of energy they carry and their ability to ionize atoms.
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Who discovered ionizing radiation?
Ionizing radiation was discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. While experimenting with cathode rays, he noticed that a fluorescent screen in his lab would glow even when it was not directly in the path of the rays. This led him to the discovery of X-rays, which are a form of ionizing radiation. Roentgen's discovery revolutionized the field of medicine and earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
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What professions involve working with ionizing radiation?
Professions that involve working with ionizing radiation include radiologic technologists, nuclear medicine technologists, radiation therapists, and radiologists. These professionals use ionizing radiation in various medical imaging and treatment procedures. Other professions that may involve working with ionizing radiation include nuclear engineers, physicists, and researchers in the field of nuclear energy.
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When and why does ionizing radiation occur?
Ionizing radiation occurs when an atom undergoes a process that causes it to lose or gain electrons, resulting in the formation of charged particles called ions. This can happen through natural processes such as radioactive decay of certain elements, or through human activities such as medical imaging and nuclear power generation. Ionizing radiation is harmful to living organisms because it can damage cells and DNA, leading to potential health risks such as cancer and genetic mutations.
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Ionizing Radiation Technologies : Managing and Extracting Value from Wastes
Ionizing Radiation Technologies An authoritative overview of major advances in the application of ionizing radiation technologies to industrial, agricultural, and municipal waste products In Ionizing Radiation Technologies: Managing and Extracting Value from Wastes, a team of expert researchers delivers a broad overview of the value trapped in waste streams and how a strategic application of ionizing radiation technologies can be valuable from both an environmental and an economic perspective.A valuable addition to the discussions around sustainability and green technologies, the book introduces ionizing radiation technologies, including gamma (cobalt-60) irradiation and high and low energy electron beam technologies.The contributions included explore the major advances taking place in the application of ionizing radiation technologies to derive high value end-products from agricultural, municipal, and industrial wastes.Each chapter reviews original research and data and considers likely future directions in research and development.The book also includes: A thorough introduction to the application of ionizing radiation technologies to agricultural waste, including the production of activated carbonComprehensive explorations of the application of ionizing radiation technologies to municipal waste, including municipal solid wastes and recycling wastewaterPractical discussions of the application of ionizing radiation technologies to industrial waste, including textile wastewater management and polymer recyclingIn-depth examinations of the economics of waste valorization, including several case studies of businesses involved in waste valorization Perfect for consulting engineers and industry professionals involved in waste management and mitigation, Ionizing Radiation Technologies will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals at government agencies, international food organizations, and NGOs focused on waste management, environment sustainability, and urban planning.
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When do different types of ionizing radiation occur?
Different types of ionizing radiation occur in various situations. For example, alpha radiation occurs during the decay of heavy elements such as uranium or radium. Beta radiation occurs during the decay of certain unstable isotopes, while gamma radiation is emitted during nuclear reactions and radioactive decay. X-rays are produced during high-energy processes such as in medical imaging or industrial applications. Each type of ionizing radiation has its own specific source and characteristics.
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Does beta-plus radiation belong to ionizing radiation?
Yes, beta-plus radiation belongs to ionizing radiation. Beta-plus radiation consists of positrons, which are positively charged particles that have the ability to ionize atoms by knocking off electrons from their orbits. This process can lead to the formation of charged particles and free radicals, which can cause damage to biological tissues and DNA. Therefore, beta-plus radiation is considered a form of ionizing radiation due to its ability to ionize atoms and cause biological damage.
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What professions are there that deal with ionizing radiation?
Professions that deal with ionizing radiation include radiologic technologists, radiation therapists, nuclear medicine technologists, radiologists, medical physicists, and nuclear engineers. These professionals work in various settings such as hospitals, diagnostic imaging centers, research facilities, and nuclear power plants. They are trained to safely handle and use ionizing radiation for medical diagnosis and treatment, as well as for industrial and energy production purposes.
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What is ionizing radiation in short and concise form?
Ionizing radiation is a type of energy that has enough power to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating charged particles (ions) in the process. This can cause damage to living cells and genetic material, leading to potential health risks such as cancer and radiation sickness. Sources of ionizing radiation include X-rays, gamma rays, and radioactive materials.
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